CONDITIONAL SENTENCE / IF CLAUSE

Conditional sentence / If Clause are divided into 3 kinds:

1.    Conditional sentence type 1 (Future Conditional)

It is used to express possible hoping or wanting in the future.

Pattern of conditional sentence type 1

If + S + V1 + O If + S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 + O If + S + is/am/are + adjective/noun/adverb If + S + is/am/are + not + adjective/noun/adverb

S + will + V1 + O S + will not + V1 + O S + will + be + adjective/noun/adverb S + will not + be + adjective/noun/adverb

Pattern of the true in the future

It is possible that +  S + will+ V1 + O + adverb

Example:

a)      If you invite her, she will come to the party

Ø  The fact: it’s possible that she will go to the party

b)      If my mother is sick, I will be sad

Ø  The fact: it’s possible that I will be sad

2.    Conditional sentence type 2 (Present Conditional )

It is used to express unreal hoping or wanting in the present.

Pattern of conditional sentence type 2

If + S + V2 + O If + S + didn’t + V1 + O If + S + were + adjective/noun/adverb If + S + were + not + adjective/noun/adverb

S + would + V1 + O S + would not + V1 + O S + would + be + adjective/noun/adverb S + would not + be + adj./noun/adverb

Pattern of the true in the present

V2 → don’t/ doesn’t + v1 Were → is / am / are Didn’t → v1 Were not → is/am/are Would + v1 → don’t/ doesn’t + v1 or will not +v1 Would not + v1→ v1 or will + v1 Would be → is / am / are + not Would not be → is / am / are

Example:

a)      If I had money, I would buy the shoes

It means: I don’t have money now, so, I don’t buy the shoes

b)      If Tony loved Laura, she would be happy

It means: Tony doesn’t love Laura, so she is not happy

3.    Conditional sentence type 3 (Past Conditional )

It is used to express impossible hoping or wanting in the past.

Pattern of conditional sentence type 3

If + S + had + V3 + O If + S + had + not + V3 + O If + S + had been + adjective/noun/adverb If + S + hadn’t been + adj./noun/adverb

S + would + have + V3 + O S + would not +have + V3 + O S + would have been + adj./noun/adverb S + wouldn’t + have been+ adj./noun/adverb

Pattern of the true in the past

had + V3 → didn’t + v1 had been → was/were + not hadn’t → v2 hadn’t been → was/ were would have → didn’t + v1 or would not + v1 would not have → v2 or would + v1 would have been → was / were + not wouldn’t have been → was / were

Example:

a)      If I had had money yesterday, I would have bought the shoes

→It means: I didn’t have money yesterday, so I didn’t buy the shoes

b)      If I had been there last night, I would have helped her

→It means: I was not there last night, so I didn’t help her

                                                                                          

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE WITHOUT IF

Conditional sentence type II

Example: If I were in Semarang, I would meet her now

→Were I in Semarang, I would meet her now

Conditional sentence type III

Example: If I had been in Semarang yesterday, I would have met her

→Had I been in Semarang yesterday, I would have met her

SUBJUNCTIVE WISH

(harapan tak terpenuhi)

Subjunctive	The truth
Positive negative	Negative positive

1.    Present subjunctive (untruth wish in the present)

Pattern:

Subjunctive Wish (+) in present S + wish + s+ v2 + o S + wish + s+ were+ adj./noun/adverb S + wish + s+ modal 2 + v1 + o

The truth (-) in present S + don’t/doesn’t + v1 + o S + is/am/are + not+ adj./noun/adverb S + modal 1+ not + v1+ o

Subjunctive Wish (-)	The truth (+) in present
S + wish + s+ didn’t + v1 + o S + wish + s+ were not + adj./noun/adverb S + wish + s+ modal 2 + not + v1 + o	S + v2 + o S + is/am/are +  adj./noun/adverb S + modal 1 + v1+ o

Example:

a)      I wish I had had money

→The truth: I don’t have money

b)      He wishes he were rich

→The truth: he is not rich

c)      You wish you could fly

→The truth: you cannot fly

2.    Past subjunctive (untruth wish in the past)

Subjunctive Wish (+) in the past	The truth (-) in the past
S + wish + s+ had + v3 + o S + wish + s+ had been+ adj./noun/adverb S + wish + s+ modal 2 + have + v3 + o	S + didn’t + v1 + o S + was/were not + adj./noun/adverb S + modal 2 + not + v1 + o

Subjunctive Wish (-) in the past	The truth (+) in the past
S + wish + s+ hadn’t + v3 + o S + wish + s+ hadn’t been+ adj./noun/adverb S + wish + s+ modal 2 not have + v3 + o	S + v2 + o S + was/were +  adj./noun/adverb S + modal 2 + v1 + o

Example:

a)      I wish I had had money yesterday

→The truth: I didn’t have money yesterday

b)      He wishes he had been there last night

→The truth: he was not there

c)      You wish you could have bought a car last night

→You could not buy a car last year

SUBJUNCTIVE ‘AS IF/AS THOUGH’

(Seakan-Akan / Seolah-Olah)

1.      Subjunctive ‘As If/As Though’ in the present

Example:

Kustam often wastes his money as though he were rich

→The fact is that : kustam is not rich

2.      Subjunctive ‘As If/As Though’ in the past

Example:

She acts as if she had been pregnant last year

(dia berlagak seolah-olah dia hamil tahun lalu)

→The fact is that: she was not pregnant last year

SUBJUNCTIVE ‘WOULD RATHER’

(Lebih Senang / Lebih Memilih)

1.    Subjunctive ‘would rather’ in the present

Example:

Kustam would rather he went home now

→The fact is that: Kustam doesn’t go home now

2.    Subjunctive ‘would rather’ in the past

Example:

John would rather he had married Laura last year

→The fact is that: John didn’t marry Laura last year

SUBJUNCTIVE ‘IF ONLY’

(Jika Saja / Andaikan Saja)

It is used to express impossible wish

1.    Subjunctive ‘if only’

Example:

If only she were beautiful

→The fact is that: She is not beautiful

2.    Subjunctive ‘if only’

Example:

If only she had reminded me about that yesterday.

→The fact is that: She didn’t remind me yesterday